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Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Concerted interaction between origin recognition complex (ORC), nucleosomes and replication origin DNA ensures stable

Kohji Hizume¹, Masaru Yagura, Hiroyuki Araki

¹Division of Microbial Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.

Genes to Cells : Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms

|June 26, 2013

Summary

The origin recognition complex (ORC) binds chromatin more stably than naked DNA to initiate DNA replication. ORC interacts with both origin DNA and adjacent nucleosomes, forming a nucleosome-free region.

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Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Published on: January 19, 2017

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Published on: January 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Chromatin Biology
Genetics

Background:

DNA replication initiation in eukaryotes relies on the origin recognition complex (ORC) binding to specific DNA sequences.
While ORC-DNA interactions are well-studied, the in vitro mechanisms of ORC-chromatin interaction remain unclear.
In vivo studies suggest chromatin structure and histone interactions influence ORC binding to replication origins.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing the interaction between the origin recognition complex (ORC) and chromatin at replication origins.
To understand how ORC establishes stable binding to origins within the context of chromatin.

Main Methods:

Biochemical analysis of purified yeast ORC.
Reconstitution of origin-containing chromatin.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) for molecular imaging of ORC-chromatin complexes.
Assessment of ORC binding stability to reconstituted chromatin versus naked DNA.

Main Results:

Yeast ORC binds more stably to origin-containing reconstituted chromatin than to naked DNA.
ORC binding to chromatin creates a nucleosome-free region at replication origins.
Atomic force microscopy revealed ORC associates with adjacent nucleosomes, forming larger complexes.
Stable ORC-chromatin binding necessitates the presence of linker DNA.

Conclusions:

ORC establishes its interaction with replication origins by binding to both nucleosome-free origin DNA and neighboring nucleosomes.
Chromatin structure, specifically nucleosome positioning and linker DNA, plays a crucial role in ORC recruitment and origin recognition.
This study provides key insights into the in vitro molecular mechanisms of ORC-chromatin interaction during DNA replication initiation.