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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Processes in Microbes01:26

Evolutionary Processes in Microbes

Microbial evolution occurs rapidly due to short generation times and a variety of genetic processes, including horizontal gene transfer, mutation, recombination, and genetic drift. These mechanisms collectively enable microbes to adapt swiftly to changing environments.Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows genes to move between different species and occurs through three main mechanisms: conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Conjugation involves direct cell-to-cell contact for DNA...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Transposable elements and microevolutionary changes in natural populations.

Georgi Bonchev1, Christian Parisod

  • 1Laboratory of evolutionary botany, Institute of biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

Molecular Ecology Resources
|June 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposable elements (TEs), or

Keywords:
adaptationgenome dynamicshigh-throughput sequencingretrotransposonsspeciationtransposon displays

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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Ecology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant and dynamic genomic components in most organisms.
  • TEs can induce mutations and reorganize genomes, suggesting significant evolutionary roles.
  • The interplay between TE dynamics and host taxon evolution is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of transposable element insertions on microevolutionary processes.
  • To explore the role of TE dynamics in the evolutionary trajectory of host taxa.
  • To evaluate methods for tracking TE insertions in natural populations.

Main Methods:

  • Highlighting methodological approaches for tracking TE insertions.
  • Utilizing transposon displays and high-throughput sequencing.
  • Analyzing TE insertions across large numbers of individuals.

Main Results:

  • Discussing the pitfalls and benefits of molecular ecology surveys for TE insertion analysis.
  • Providing insights into the fate of TE insertions in natural populations.
  • Demonstrating the utility of advanced sequencing techniques for TE dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Further research on TE insertion fates in natural populations is crucial.
  • Methodological advancements aid in understanding TE-driven evolution.
  • TEs likely play a central role in genome evolution and adaptation.