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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
Need for Self-Esteem01:27

Need for Self-Esteem

The human need for self-esteem has long intrigued psychologists, leading to the development of several theories that explore its evolutionary and functional significance. Among the most influential are the sociometer, hierometer, and terror management theories. Each offers a unique perspective on why people strive for self-worth and how it shapes behavior and social interaction.Sociometer TheoryAccording to sociometer theory, self-esteem functions as an internal gauge of social acceptance. It...

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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Published on: March 1, 2017

The Self- and Other-Interest Inventory.

Margaret E Gerbasi1, Deborah A Prentice

  • 1Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. mgerbasi@princeton.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|June 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This research introduces the Self- and Other-Interest Inventory to measure motivations for self and others. Findings show these motivations are independent and predict relevant behaviors.

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Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Published on: September 11, 2021

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Individual Differences

Background:

  • Understanding individual motivations is crucial for predicting behavior.
  • Previous measures may not adequately distinguish between self-interest and other-interest.
  • Self-beliefs about one's motivations play a significant role in guiding actions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Self- and Other-Interest Inventory (SOII).
  • To assess the reliability and validity of the SOII as a measure of individual differences in self- and other-interest.
  • To explore the relationship between self- and other-interest and their predictive utility for behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Five studies were conducted to develop and validate the SOII.
  • The SOII was administered to various populations, including a general population sample.
  • Psychometric analyses, including reliability and validity assessments, were performed.
  • Behavioral prediction studies, including a prisoner's dilemma simulation, were utilized.

Main Results:

  • The SOII reliably and validly measures self- and other-interest as independent constructs.
  • Scores on the SOII show systematic changes with age and vary with the accessibility of related values.
  • Self-interest scores predict self-benefiting behaviors, while other-interest scores predict other-benefiting behaviors.
  • In trade-off situations, both self- and other-interest independently predict behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The Self- and Other-Interest Inventory is a robust tool for measuring distinct motivations.
  • Self- and other-interest are independent constructs that significantly influence behavior.
  • The SOII has implications for understanding social behavior, decision-making, and individual differences.