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Related Concept Videos

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares often...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Mouse Pups by Means of Gentle Handling
03:46

Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Mouse Pups by Means of Gentle Handling

Published on: October 11, 2018

Sleep deprivation and neurobehavioral functioning in children.

Kiran P Maski1, Sanjeev V Kothare

  • 1Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|June 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Sleep deprivation impairs children's neurobehavioral functioning by affecting key brain areas. This review examines neural impacts, behavioral issues, and links to neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD and ASDs.

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderAutistic spectrum disorderBehaviorChildrenExecutive functioningSleep deprivation

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Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice
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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Mouse Pups by Means of Gentle Handling
03:46

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Published on: October 11, 2018

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
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Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice
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Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep deprivation significantly impairs children's daytime neurobehavioral functioning.
  • Key brain regions affected include the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and amygdala.
  • Consequences manifest as academic struggles, behavioral challenges, and public health concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neural structures impacted by sleep deprivation in children.
  • To outline the neurobehavioral problems associated with sleep deprivation.
  • To explore mechanisms linking sleep disturbances to neurobehavioral dysfunction and common neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on sleep deprivation and neurobehavioral outcomes in children.
  • Analysis of research on neural substrates affected by sleep loss.
  • Examination of data on neurodevelopmental disorders and associated sleep problems.

Main Results:

  • Sleep deprivation impacts executive functioning, reward anticipation, and emotional reactivity.
  • Difficulties contribute to academic and behavioral problems.
  • Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs).

Conclusions:

  • Sleep deprivation has profound neurobehavioral consequences for children.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for addressing academic, behavioral, and public health issues.
  • Further research into sleep disturbances in neurodevelopmental disorders is warranted.