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Updated: May 10, 2026

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
Published on: October 13, 2023
Pulmonary manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome
George Stojan1, Alan N Baer, Sonye K Danoff
1Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Abstract:
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is primarily defined by its impact on the oral and ocular system resulting in xerostomia and xerophthalmia. However, SS can also manifest throughout the respiratory system. Subclinical pulmonary involvement is common. Clinically significant involvement can result in a 4-fold increased risk of death. Thus, recognizing the many potential presentations of SS in the lung is critical in caring for patients with SS. Additionally, SS should be included in the differential diagnosis of a number of forms of interstitial lung disease.
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