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Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals

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Viral ocular manifestations: a broad overview.

Howard Newman¹, Caroline Gooding

¹Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, NHLS and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. howard.newman@nhls.ac.za

Reviews in Medical Virology

|June 26, 2013

Summary

Viral infections affect diverse parts of the eye, causing conditions like keratitis and retinitis. This review covers common and uncommon viral ocular diseases, their diagnosis, and management.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Virology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Ocular viral infections are caused by a diverse range of viruses, including Herpesviruses (HSV-1, VZV, CMV) and retroviruses like HIV.
Viral eye diseases manifest in various forms, such as blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, cataract, and retinitis.
The increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS significantly impacts ophthalmology, particularly in regions with limited access to antiretroviral therapy, leading to conditions like CMV retinitis and immune-recovery uveitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance understanding of common and uncommon viral ocular diseases.
To provide insights into the diagnosis and management of viral eye infections.
To address the growing burden of viral ocular diseases in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

This is a review article, synthesizing existing knowledge on viral ocular diseases.
The review covers a broad spectrum of viral pathogens affecting the eye.
Information on diagnosis and management strategies is compiled from relevant literature.

Main Results:

Herpesviruses (HSV-1, VZV, CMV) are common causes of viral eye disease.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is increasingly prevalent in areas without widespread antiretroviral therapy.
Immune-recovery uveitis is observed in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive understanding of viral ocular diseases is crucial for effective diagnosis and management.
Ophthalmologists must be aware of both common and rare viral infections affecting the eye.
The management of viral ocular diseases requires tailored approaches based on the specific virus and patient's immune status.