Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A dual expression plasmid with protegrin-1 compatible with both prokaryotic and mammalian systems.

MethodsX·2026
Same author

Author Correction: In vitro characterization of the human segmentation clock.

Nature·2026
Same author

Oscillatory gene expression in cell differentiation and tissue patterning.

Current opinion in genetics & development·2026
Same author

Activation of neurogenesis improves amyloid-β pathology and cognitive function through AMP kinase signaling in Alzheimer's disease model mice.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Oscillatory Gene Expression During Cell Differentiation.

Annual review of cell and developmental biology·2026
Same author

Circadian activity and sleep architecture in autism spectrum disorder mouse model with <i>Chd8</i> mutation.

Frontiers in sleep·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis
08:06

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis

Published on: March 19, 2021

Oscillatory gene expression and somitogenesis.

Ryoichiro Kageyama1, Yasutaka Niwa, Akihiro Isomura

  • 1Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. rkageyam@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology
|June 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The segmentation clock, driven by oscillating gene expression and signaling pathways like Notch and FGF, precisely regulates embryonic development. These pathways ensure proper somite formation by controlling gene expression timing and cell synchronization.

More Related Videos

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps
11:52

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps

Published on: February 9, 2017

Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells
10:41

Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells

Published on: July 24, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis
08:06

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis

Published on: March 19, 2021

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps
11:52

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps

Published on: February 9, 2017

Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells
10:41

Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells

Published on: July 24, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Somite formation is a periodic process driven by the segmentation clock.
  • Cyclic gene expression, particularly involving Hes/her genes, underlies the segmentation clock's oscillations.
  • Negative feedback mechanisms are crucial for regulating these oscillatory gene expressions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of negative feedback in regulating oscillatory gene expression within the segmentation clock.
  • To understand how Notch and FGF signaling pathways interact to regulate somitogenesis.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which synchronized gene expression leads to somite formation.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling was employed to generate and test hypotheses regarding negative feedback in gene oscillation.
  • Analysis of cyclic gene expression patterns in zebrafish (her1, her7) and mice (Hes7).
  • Investigation of Notch and FGF signaling pathways and their interaction with Hes7 and Mesp2 expression.

Main Results:

  • Hes/her genes exhibit negative feedback-regulated oscillations, inducing synchronized gene expression via Notch signaling.
  • In mouse presomitic mesoderm (PSM), Hes7, Notch, and FGF signaling form interconnected oscillator networks.
  • Notch signaling promotes Mesp2 expression, while FGF signaling represses it, with their dissociation in the anterior PSM enabling somite formation.

Conclusions:

  • The segmentation clock relies on oscillator networks involving Hes7, Notch, and FGF signaling.
  • Notch signaling defines the prospective somite region, while FGF signaling controls segmentation pace.
  • These findings suggest that oscillator networks are central to the segmentation clock, though additional components may exist.