Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...

Depression: Overview

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex structural measures on neuroplasticity and response to paired-associative stimulation in Alzheimer's dementia.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2024

Same author

Scaling Up Maternal Mental healthcare by Increasing access to Treatment (SUMMIT) through non-specialist providers and telemedicine: a study protocol for a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

Trials·2021

Same author

Getting to precision psychopharmacology: Combining clinical and genetic information to predict fat gain from aripiprazole.

Journal of psychiatric research·2019

Same author

Using an Integrated Care Pathway for Late-Life Schizophrenia Improves Monitoring of Adverse Effects of Antipsychotics and Reduces Antipsychotic Polypharmacy.

The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry·2018

Same author

Superior memory performance in healthy individuals with subclinical psychotic symptoms but without genetic load for schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia research. Cognition·2018

Same author

Stabilization treatment of remitted psychotic depression: the STOP-PD study.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2018

Same journal

Developmental Trauma as a Prognostic Factor for Later Psychotic Disorder in an Adolescent Clinical Cohort: A 20-Year Follow Up Study.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2026

Same journal

The Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2026

Same journal

Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and the Associated Risk of Hospitalisation in Bipolar Disorder, From a Nationwide Cohort, 2009-2024.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2026

Same journal

Benzodiazepine Use and Mortality Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study on New Benzodiazepine Users With a 5-Year Follow-Up.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2026

Same journal

Leveraging Family Genetic Risk Scores to Understand the Etiology of Suicidal Behaviors and Their Associations With Psychiatric Disorders.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2026

Same journal

Does the Loss of Autobiographical Memories Contribute to the Therapeutic Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy?

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Measuring psychotic depression.

S D Østergaard¹, B S Meyers, A J Flint

¹Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg Psychiatric Hospital, Aalborg University hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

|June 27, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new rating scale, the HAMD-BPRS11, shows strong validity and responsiveness for assessing psychotic depression (PD). This scale, combining elements of the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, is more effective than traditional depression scales for PD severity evaluation.

Keywords:

affective disorders depression psychometrics psychoses

More Related Videos

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Clinical Psychology
Psychometrics

Background:

Psychotic depression (PD) is a severe condition requiring careful monitoring.
Currently, no standardized rating scale exists specifically for evaluating PD severity.
Existing depression scales may not adequately capture the complexity of PD.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the psychometric properties of existing depression rating scales and novel composite scales for PD.
To identify a reliable and valid instrument for measuring PD severity.
To compare the efficacy of different scales in assessing both depressive and psychotic symptoms.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from the Study of Pharmacotherapy of Psychotic Depression.
Assessed psychometric properties including clinical validity, responsiveness, and unidimensionality.
Compared the performance of the HAMD-BPRS11, HAM-D6, and the full 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale.

Main Results:

The HAMD-BPRS11 demonstrated strong clinical validity (Spearman's rho = 0.79-0.84) and responsiveness (Spearman's rho = -0.74--0.78).
The HAMD-BPRS11 also met criteria for unidimensionality (Loevinger's H = 0.41).
The 6-item Hamilton melancholia subscale (HAM-D6) also met these criteria, while the full 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale did not.

Conclusions:

The HAMD-BPRS11 is a more valid and reliable measure for assessing psychotic depression severity compared to scales focusing solely on depressive symptoms.
The findings support the use of the HAMD-BPRS11 in clinical practice and research for PD.
Further validation of composite scales is recommended for specialized psychiatric conditions.