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Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

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Microvascular Embolism Mouse Model for In Vivo Two-photon Microscopy Using Fluorescent Polystyrene Microspheres

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Nascent deep microbleeds and stroke recurrences.

Toshio Imaizumi¹, Shigeru Inamura¹, Ikuhide Kohama¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association

|June 27, 2013

Summary

Nascent deep cerebral microbleeds (MBs) detected by MRI are linked to increased stroke recurrence, especially deep intracerebral hemorrhages. This finding highlights MBs as a potential indicator for recurrent stroke risk.

Keywords:

Cerebral microbleeds intracerebral hemorrhage recurrence risk factor stroke

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Microvascular Embolism Mouse Model for In Vivo Two-photon Microscopy Using Fluorescent Polystyrene Microspheres

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Sub-acute Cerebral Microhemorrhages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats

Sub-acute Cerebral Microhemorrhages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats

Published on: October 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Neurology
Radiology
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Cerebral microbleeds (MBs) on MRI correlate with cerebral microangiopathy severity.
Investigating the role of newly identified deep MBs in stroke recurrence is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if nascent deep MBs contribute to stroke recurrence.
To assess the association between nascent deep MBs and the type of recurrent stroke.

Main Methods:

Prospective analysis of 508 patients treated for index strokes.
T2*-weighted MRI scans were used to count nascent deep MBs around 1 year post-stroke.
Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate logistic regression were employed to analyze stroke recurrence and risk factors.

Main Results:

256 nascent deep MBs were found in 116 patients.
Patients with nascent deep MBs had a significantly higher incidence of deep intracerebral hemorrhage (2.0% vs 0.4% per year).
Nascent deep MBs were significantly associated with stroke recurrences as deep intracerebral hemorrhages (OR 5.41, P = .007), even after adjusting for risk factors.

Conclusions:

Nascent deep MBs appear to be associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence.
The presence of nascent deep MBs may specifically predict recurrent deep intracerebral hemorrhages.