Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the parenchyma cells of...
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase01:21

Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase

In cellular metabolism (the complete breakdown of glucose to extract energy),  glycolysis is the first step. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport, where the transport takes place against the glucose concentration gradient. The other mechanism uses a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. These...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of Chronic Renal Insufficiency Combined with Atrial Fibrillation on Left Atrial Endothelial Function in a Beagle Model.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same author

Retargeted serine integrases for one-step, precise integration of large DNA sequences in human cells.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

Exploring the genetic correlation between inflammatory bowel disease and psychiatric disorders: insights from genome-wide association studies.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2026
Same author

Thin-Film Transistor Based Active Taxel for Multimode Tactile Perception and Fused Processing.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Assessing modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation/flutter in the young: a hybrid local-global study.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

SLC22A4 as a candidate regulator linking immunity and ferroptosis in septic shock.

Molecular immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
11:26

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Published on: June 17, 2014

Hemicellulose biosynthesis.

Markus Pauly1, Sascha Gille, Lifeng Liu

  • 1Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA, mpauly69@berkeley.edu.

Planta
|June 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hemicelluloses are key plant cell wall polysaccharides vital for industrial uses and biofuels. Genetic studies are advancing our understanding of their biosynthesis, revealing their importance in plant development.

More Related Videos

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
14:43

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of Plant Cell Walls (Lignocellulosic biomass) Part II: Carbohydrates
10:46

Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of Plant Cell Walls (Lignocellulosic biomass) Part II: Carbohydrates

Published on: March 12, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
11:26

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Published on: June 17, 2014

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
14:43

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of Plant Cell Walls (Lignocellulosic biomass) Part II: Carbohydrates
10:46

Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of Plant Cell Walls (Lignocellulosic biomass) Part II: Carbohydrates

Published on: March 12, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Hemicelluloses are major plant cell wall polysaccharides, comprising about one-third of cell wall biomass.
  • They include diverse types like heteromannans, xyloglucan, and heteroxylans, with structures varying by plant species and tissue.
  • Hemicelluloses have significant industrial applications, including food additives and medicinal uses, and are abundant in lignocellulosic feedstocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of hemicellulose biosynthesis in plants.
  • To highlight the role of genetic approaches in advancing this knowledge.
  • To emphasize the need for a holistic understanding of hemicellulose assembly for future applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent genetic studies on hemicellulose biosynthesis.
  • Analysis of plant mutants with altered hemicellulose structures.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on genes and proteins involved in hemicellulose synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in identifying genes and proteins involved in hemicellulose biosynthesis.
  • Plant mutants with altered hemicellulose structures demonstrate the critical role of these polysaccharides in plant growth and development.
  • Knowledge of hemicellulose structure and biosynthesis is advancing rapidly.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic approaches have greatly enhanced our understanding of hemicellulose biosynthesis.
  • Further research is needed to integrate knowledge of individual components for a holistic view of hemicellulose assembly.
  • Understanding hemicellulose biosynthesis is crucial for optimizing the use of renewable lignocellulosic resources.