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Updated: May 10, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
Published on: December 9, 2015
Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of oral therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. jioh@jhsph.edu
Abstract:
Treatment options for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have been continuously expanding in recent years, and the emergence of a number of oral disease-modifying agents (DMAs) has significantly changed the landscape of therapeutic options for MS patients. Many of these oral DMAs have demonstrated satisfactory safety and tolerability profiles in clinical trial settings, but the long-term safety of these agents is an important concern. This review discusses salient points on the safety and clinical efficacy of the approved and emerging novel oral therapies in RRMS, including fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, laquinimod, and cladribine.
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