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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Comprehensive Procedure to Evaluate the In Vitro Performance of the Putative Hemangioblastoma Neovascularization Using the Spheroid Sprouting Assay
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Hemangioblast: an in vitro phantom.

Shinichi Nishikawa1

  • 1Stem Cell Research Group, Riken Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan. nishikawa@cdb.riken.jp

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology
|June 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The hemangioblast, a progenitor of endothelial and blood cells, has a debated existence. While in vitro studies suggest its presence, in vivo analysis of blood islands indicates it may be an artifact.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The hemangioblast, a bipotent progenitor for endothelial cells (EC) and blood cells (BC), has been a central concept in developmental hematology since the early 20th century.
  • Its existence has been debated, with conflicting evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical context of hemangioblast research.
  • To reconcile the in vitro evidence for hemangioblasts with in vivo observations in blood islands (BI).
  • To explain the discrepancy between in vitro detection and in vivo absence of hemangioblasts.

Main Methods:

  • Historical overview of hemangioblast research.
  • Analysis of studies on blood island (BI) development in the yolk sac (YS).

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  • Review of in vitro techniques for detecting bipotent precursors.

    • Main Results:

    • In vitro studies using advanced technologies at the end of the 20th century provided evidence for bipotent EC and BC precursors.
    • Subsequent in vivo studies of blood islands (BI) challenged the existence of hemangioblasts, suggesting they are an in vitro artifact.
    • A discrepancy exists between the in vitro defined hemangioblast and its detectability within the yolk sac (YS) blood islands (BI).

    Conclusions:

    • The concept of the hemangioblast remains controversial.
    • Hemangioblasts detectable in vitro may not accurately represent in vivo developmental processes within blood islands.
    • Further research is needed to understand the precise mechanisms of endothelial and blood cell formation in vivo.