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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Published on: March 2, 2016

CuS2-passivated Au-core, Au3Cu-shell nanoparticles analyzed by atomistic-resolution Cs-corrected STEM.

Subarna Khanal1, Gilberto Casillas, Nabraj Bhattarai

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created gold-copper alloy nanoparticles with a copper sulfide shell. They discovered unique ordered superlattices and self-capping layers, impacting nanoparticle formation mechanisms.

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Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies
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Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
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Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies
12:55

Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies

Published on: November 27, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Multicomponent nanoparticles are crucial for various applications.
  • Understanding the formation mechanisms of alloyed nanoparticles is essential for controlling their properties.
  • Defects and surface structures significantly influence nanoparticle behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize gold-copper alloyed nanoparticles with a copper sulfide passivation layer.
  • To investigate the structural properties, including core-shell structure and lattice defects.
  • To explore the formation of ordered superlattices and self-capping layers in multicomponent nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Polyol method for nanoparticle synthesis.
  • Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for high-resolution imaging.
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis.
  • Numerical simulations for corroboration.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized decahedral Au-core, Au3Cu-alloyed shell nanoparticles passivated with CuS2.
  • Atomic resolution micrographs revealed edge dislocations at twin boundaries and Cu diffusion into the Au core.
  • Observed the first-time formation of an ordered Au3Cu superlattice and a self-capping layer.

Conclusions:

  • The identified defects and surface reordering significantly impact the nanoparticles' physical and chemical properties.
  • The formation of ordered superlattices and self-capping layers provides new insights into multicomponent nanoparticle formation mechanisms.
  • These findings have implications for designing advanced nanomaterials with tailored functionalities.