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Population dynamics and in vitro antibody pressure of porcine parvovirus indicate a decrease in variability
André Felipe Streck1,2, Timo Homeier2, Tessa Foerster2
1CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Setor Bancário Norte, Quadra 2, Bloco L, Lote 06, 70040-020, Brasília, Brazil.
The Journal of General Virology
|June 28, 2013
Summary
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccines may reduce genetic diversity by inducing selective pressure. This could increase the emergence of new PPV phenotypes, especially from vaccine failures or wild boar populations.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Population Genetics
- Immunology
Background:
- Porcine parvovirus (PPV) poses a significant threat to swine health.
- Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of PPV is crucial for vaccine development and disease control.
- Vaccine-induced selective pressure may influence viral evolution and the emergence of new phenotypes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of PPV vaccines on viral population dynamics and phenotype emergence.
- To explore the role of antibodies in shaping PPV genetic diversity.
- To identify potential sources for the emergence of novel PPV strains.
Main Methods:
- Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) with a Bayesian skyline coalescent model to infer population history.
- In vitro cell culture model using PK-15 cells with sequential passages of PPV strains (Challenge and NADL2).
- Supplementation of cell cultures with polyclonal antibodies against the PPV vaccine strain.
Main Results:
- A decrease in PPV genetic diversity was observed in vitro in the presence of antibodies.
- In silico analysis indicated reduced genetic diversity post-vaccination.
- Antibody-induced selective pressure may limit neutral selection, potentially altering mutation emergence.
Conclusions:
- PPV vaccines can induce selective pressure, reducing viral genetic diversity.
- This selective pressure may favor the emergence of new PPV phenotypes.
- Vaccine failures and unvaccinated populations, such as wild boars, could be significant reservoirs for new PPV phenotypes.
