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Related Concept Videos

Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Extracellular circulating viral microRNAs: current knowledge and perspectives.

Alessandro Laganà1, Francesco Russo, Dario Veneziano

  • 1Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA.

Frontiers in Genetics
|June 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores viral circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), small molecules regulating gene expression. We summarize current knowledge on their presence in body fluids and potential functions in viral infections.

Keywords:
body fluidscirculating microRNAexosomesmicroRNAvesiculesviruses

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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Isolation of microRNAs from Tick Ex Vivo Salivary Gland Cultures and Extracellular Vesicles
08:03

Isolation of microRNAs from Tick Ex Vivo Salivary Gland Cultures and Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: April 6, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Dysregulation of cellular miRNAs is linked to diseases like cancer and infections.
  • Viruses encode their own miRNAs to manipulate host and viral gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on viral circulating miRNAs.
  • To explore the presence and function of viral miRNAs in extracellular human body fluids.
  • To provide examples of computational predictions for viral miRNA functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on circulating miRNAs.
  • Analysis of evidence for miRNA presence in extracellular fluids (serum, plasma, saliva, urine).
  • Computational prediction methods for assessing viral miRNA functions.

Main Results:

  • Cellular miRNAs are found in extracellular human body fluids, associated with proteins like Argonaute2 or within vesicles (exosomes).
  • Virus-infected cells secrete miRNAs that can be transferred to and affect uninfected recipient cells.
  • Evidence suggests viral miRNAs are present and potentially functional in circulation.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating miRNAs, including those of viral origin, represent a novel area of research in disease pathogenesis and diagnostics.
  • Understanding viral circulating miRNAs could offer new insights into virus-host interactions and disease mechanisms.
  • Further research, including computational approaches, is needed to fully elucidate the roles of viral miRNAs.