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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
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Published on: November 28, 2015

Immunosuppressive microenvironment in neuroblastoma.

Vito Pistoia1, Fabio Morandi, Giovanna Bianchi

  • 1Oncology, Translational Research and Laboratory Medicine, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy.

Frontiers in Oncology
|June 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Neuroblastoma (NB) cells evade immune detection through intrinsic defects and by altering the tumor microenvironment (TM). Targeting the TM offers a promising strategy for effective neuroblastoma cancer treatment.

Keywords:
antigen processing machinery defectsimmunosuppressive mechanismsneuroblastoma derived immunosuppressive moleculesneuroblastoma microenvironmenttumor microenvironment targeting

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Pediatric Cancer Research

Background:

  • Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer with a high rate of metastasis and poor prognosis.
  • The cancer immunoediting model highlights the critical role of immune system-host interactions in tumor control.
  • Understanding immune escape mechanisms in NB is vital for developing effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immune escape pathways utilized by human neuroblastoma (NB) cells.
  • To explore intrinsic defects in NB cells and alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TM).
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the TM for NB treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on neuroblastoma immune evasion.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying NB immune escape, including HLA class I antigen processing.
  • Examination of immunosuppressive molecules (e.g., MICA, HLA-G) secreted by NB cells.
  • Review of therapeutic interventions targeting the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • NB cells exhibit intrinsic defects, such as impaired HLA class I antigen processing machinery expression.
  • NB cells induce functional alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TM) via immunosuppressive molecules.
  • MICA and HLA-G are identified as key NB cell-derived immunosuppressive factors.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting the TM show potential for successful cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroblastoma employs sophisticated immune escape strategies involving both tumor cell-intrinsic defects and TM modulation.
  • Targeting the tumor microenvironment presents a viable therapeutic avenue for improving neuroblastoma outcomes.
  • A comprehensive understanding of NB-immune system interactions is essential for advancing treatment modalities.