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Altitude training improves glycemic control.

Shu-Man Chen1, Hsueh-Yi Lin2, Chia-Hua Kuo3

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Altitude training improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by enhancing fuel storage and body composition. This effect is more pronounced in individuals with higher baseline dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Altitude Medicine

Background:

  • Altitude hypoxia shifts energy metabolism towards anaerobic glycolysis.
  • Moderate altitude exposure with exercise improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in humans.
  • High altitude (>4500 M) can induce acute mountain sickness and insulin resistance, with individual variability in response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of altitude training on metabolic health.
  • To explore the mechanisms behind improved insulin sensitivity during hypoxia.
  • To identify factors influencing individual responses to altitude training.

Main Methods:

  • Studies in humans and rats involving moderate to prolonged hypoxia exposure.
  • Assessment of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and body composition.
  • Analysis of metabolic markers including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S).

Main Results:

  • Altitude training improves insulin sensitivity and suppresses adiposity, particularly in rats.
  • Obese rats showed reversed metabolic abnormalities after hypoxia training.
  • In humans, moderate hypoxia enhances fuel redistribution to skeletal muscle during recovery, improving body composition.
  • Individual responses vary, with low baseline dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) potentially limiting benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Altitude training significantly impacts the metabolic system.
  • It holds potential as a non-pharmacological intervention for metabolic syndromes.
  • Understanding individual variability is key for optimizing altitude training benefits.