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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence its...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
13:53

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

Advances in structure-based vaccine design.

Daniel W Kulp1, William R Schief

  • 1IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Current Opinion in Virology
|June 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural vaccinology uses protein structures to design new vaccines. This approach engineers immunogens to target specific epitopes, aiming for broader protection against infectious diseases.

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Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation
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A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
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Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation
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A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
08:07

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

Published on: July 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Infectious diseases remain a significant global health burden despite current vaccine successes.
  • Structural vaccinology offers a promising avenue for developing novel vaccines against challenging pathogens.
  • Antigen crystal structures, particularly with protective antibodies, are crucial for immunogen design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in structure-based immunogen engineering.
  • To highlight methods for designing germline-targeting and epitope-specific immunogens.
  • To explore strategies for achieving broad protective coverage against variable pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing protein structure and sequence data for immunogen design.
  • Engineering germline-targeting immunogens to activate specific B-cells.
  • Transplanting structural epitopes onto scaffold proteins for stabilization.
  • Designing minimized antigens that retain key protective epitopes.

Main Results:

  • Successful creation of germline-targeting immunogens.
  • Development of methods to engineer multiple epitopes onto single immunogens.
  • Demonstration of structure-based design for broad antigen coverage.

Conclusions:

  • Structural vaccinology enables the rational design of advanced immunogens.
  • Engineered immunogens can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs).
  • This approach holds potential for developing next-generation vaccines against diverse pathogens.