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Related Concept Videos

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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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Updated: May 10, 2026

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

Oct4: the final frontier, differentiation defining pluripotency.

Alessandra Livigni1, Joshua M Brickman

  • 1MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, 5 Little France Drive, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.

Developmental Cell
|June 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The transcription factor OCT4 is crucial for pluripotency but also aids differentiation. Frum et al. (2013) demonstrate OCT4

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Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
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Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
09:34

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is essential for maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells.
  • However, OCT4's role in differentiation processes remains complex and context-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific function of OCT4 during early mammalian development.
  • To elucidate OCT4's contribution to lineage specification in the blastocyst stage.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of OCT4 expression patterns in blastocysts.
  • Functional studies involving OCT4 manipulation (details not provided in abstract).

Main Results:

  • OCT4 plays a significant role in supporting primitive endoderm differentiation.
  • This function is observed early in blastocyst development.

Conclusions:

  • OCT4's early activity in the blastocyst is primarily to promote primitive endoderm formation.
  • This finding adds nuance to the understanding of OCT4's dual role in pluripotency and differentiation.