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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

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The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
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The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Do planar tetracoordinate tin complexes really exist?

Ernesto Rufino-Felipe1, Edison Osorio, Gabriel Merino

  • 1Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|June 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Previously reported tin(II) complexes were actually selenium complexes. This study clarifies the misidentification of planar tetracoordinate tin and selenium compounds, correcting the chemical literature.

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Previous research reported the isolation of planar tetracoordinate tin(II) complexes.
  • These complexes were described as [Sn(Ph₂P(Se)N(Se)PPh₂)₂] (1-sq) and [Sn(iPr₂P(Se)N(Se)PiPr₂)₂] (2-sq).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate and correct the identification of previously synthesized tin complexes.
  • To distinguish between tin and selenium compounds with similar ligands.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis of synthesized compounds.
  • Theoretical calculations to support structural determination.

Main Results:

  • New data indicate that the reported tin(II) complexes (1-sq and 2-sq) were not isolated.
  • The isolated compounds were identified as selenium complexes: [Se(Ph₂P(Se)N(Se)PPh₂)₂] (3-sq) and [Se(iPr₂P(Se)N(Se)PiPr₂)₂] (4-sq).

Conclusions:

  • The planar tetracoordinate tin(II) complexes previously reported were misidentified.
  • The actual isolated compounds are selenium complexes, necessitating a revision of prior findings.