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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Combining a Breath-Synchronized Olfactometer with Brain Simulation to Study the Impact of Odors on Corticospinal Excitability and Effective Connectivity
06:13

Combining a Breath-Synchronized Olfactometer with Brain Simulation to Study the Impact of Odors on Corticospinal Excitability and Effective Connectivity

Published on: January 19, 2024

A modular, computer-controlled system for olfactory stimulation in the MRI environment.

Patrice Andrieu1, Vincent Bonnans, Jaime Meneses

  • 1Besançon Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience (EA-481), Franche-Comté University, 25030, Besançon, Cedex, France, patrice.andrieu@univ-fcomte.fr.

Behavior Research Methods
|June 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a reliable, portable olfactory stimulation system for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. This software-controlled device precisely delivers odors, synchronized with breathing, enabling advanced neuroscience research.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Combining a Breath-Synchronized Olfactometer with Brain Simulation to Study the Impact of Odors on Corticospinal Excitability and Effective Connectivity
06:13

Combining a Breath-Synchronized Olfactometer with Brain Simulation to Study the Impact of Odors on Corticospinal Excitability and Effective Connectivity

Published on: January 19, 2024

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals
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Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Published on: October 31, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Investigating cerebral networks in sensory perception is crucial.
  • Olfactory stimulation within magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environments poses significant technical challenges.
  • Existing methods often lack precision, portability, or MRI compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, reliable, and portable system for olfactory stimulation.
  • To ensure the system is fully compatible with MRI environments.
  • To enable synchronized and controlled odor delivery for neuroscience research.

Main Methods:

  • A modular, microcontroller-based system was designed for olfactory stimulation.
  • Software control allows for precise odor delivery and respiration synchronization.
  • System performance was validated using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and gas chromatography.

Main Results:

  • The system demonstrated a rapid response time of 200 ± 25 ms.
  • Gas chromatography confirmed repeatable odor presentation with standard deviations from 1.5% to 22%.
  • The system is portable, software-controlled, and MRI-compatible.

Conclusions:

  • The developed olfactory stimulation system offers a reliable solution for MRI-based neuroscience.
  • Its portability and precise control enhance the study of olfactory perception.
  • The system is suitable for diverse applications in olfactory neuroscience research.