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Related Concept Videos

Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

[G4-quadruplexes and genome instability].

B L Zybaĭlov, M D Sherpa, G V Glazko

    Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
    |July 2, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study computationally analyzes G-quadruplex DNA structures in vertebrate and yeast genomes. It reveals their prevalence in non-coding DNA and discusses links to genomic instability and Pif1 helicase.

    More Related Videos

    In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
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    In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

    Published on: May 12, 2023

    A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1
    11:25

    A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1

    Published on: March 18, 2017

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 10, 2026

    Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
    05:37

    Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

    Published on: April 4, 2025

    In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
    05:32

    In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

    Published on: May 12, 2023

    A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1
    11:25

    A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1

    Published on: March 18, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • Non-canonical DNA structures like G-quadruplexes are implicated in gene regulation and genomic instability.
    • Understanding their distribution and evolutionary conservation is crucial for comprehending genome dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To perform an in silico comparative analysis of G-quadruplex forming sequences in vertebrate and yeast nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
    • To investigate the localization, evolutionary conservation, and homology of these sequences.

    Main Methods:

    • In silico comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences.
    • Genome-wide distribution analysis within nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.
    • Bioinformatic approaches for evolutionary conservation and homology assessment.

    Main Results:

    • Potential G-quadruplexes preferentially localize within non-coding sequences across species and genomes.
    • Evidence of evolutionary conservation and homology between nuclear and mitochondrial G-quadruplexes was found.
    • The study identified potential G-quadruplexes in both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of vertebrates and yeast.

    Conclusions:

    • G-quadruplexes are widespread in non-coding regions of both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, suggesting functional importance.
    • The findings support a possible interrelation between G-quadruplexes, Pif1 helicase, and the maintenance of genomic stability.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise roles of G-quadruplexes in gene regulation and genome integrity.