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Breathing01:05

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
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Cystic Fibrosis: Management

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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Novel Surgical Approach for Intratracheal Administration of Bioactive Agents in a Fetal Mouse Model
10:12

A Novel Surgical Approach for Intratracheal Administration of Bioactive Agents in a Fetal Mouse Model

Published on: October 31, 2012

Surfactant therapy: past, present and future.

Christian P Speer1, David G Sweet, Henry L Halliday

  • 1University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, Würzburg, Germany. speer_c@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de

Early Human Development
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surfactant replacement therapy significantly improves outcomes for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Early administration of surfactant reduces RDS severity, air leaks, and neonatal mortality.

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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common and serious condition in preterm infants.
  • Surfactant deficiency is a primary cause of RDS, leading to alveolar collapse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of surfactant replacement therapy on preterm infants with RDS.
  • To review strategies for optimizing surfactant administration and improving neonatal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of numerous randomized controlled trials on surfactant administration.
  • Comparison of prophylactic versus established RDS treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Surfactant therapy, whether given prophylactically or to established RDS, reduces RDS severity.
  • Administration of surfactant decreases air leak syndromes, pneumothorax, and neonatal mortality.
  • Optimized surfactant administration strategies have further improved neonatal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Surfactant replacement is a critical intervention for preterm infants with RDS.
  • Early surfactant administration is recommended whenever indicated to improve infant survival and reduce complications.