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Updated: May 10, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
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Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

Changes in pulmonary function measures following a passive abdominal functional electrical stimulation training

Angus J McLachlan1, Alan N McLean, David B Allan

  • 1University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK. a.mclachlan.1@research.gla.ac.uk

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
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Passive abdominal functional electrical stimulation (AFES) training improved unassisted respiratory function in individuals with tetraplegia. This intervention shows promise for respiratory rehabilitation in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

  • Tetraplegia often results in impaired respiratory function due to reduced abdominal muscle activity.
  • Vital capacity and expiratory force are typically diminished in individuals with spinal cord injuries affecting the neck and upper back.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of a passive abdominal functional electrical stimulation (AFES) training program on unassisted respiratory measures in patients with tetraplegia.
  • To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of AFES for improving respiratory capacity in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal feasibility study was conducted involving twelve participants with tetraplegic spinal cord injury.
  • Participants underwent three weeks of transcutaneous AFES for abdominal muscle conditioning.

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Published on: September 13, 2015

  • Respiratory function was measured using forced vital capacity (FVC), forced exhaled volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and maximum exhaled pressure (MEP).

    • Main Results:

    • A statistically significant increase in mean forced vital capacity (FVC) of 0.36 L was observed during the AFES training period (P = 0.0027).
    • Trends towards increases in FEV1 and PEF were noted but did not reach statistical significance.
    • No significant changes in respiratory measures were detected during the pre-training control and post-training phases, indicating the effects were specific to the intervention.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed increase in FVC during AFES training, coupled with the lack of change in control periods, suggests that passive abdominal functional electrical stimulation is a viable method for respiratory rehabilitation in individuals with tetraplegia.
    • AFES training offers a potential non-invasive approach to enhance respiratory muscle function and improve vital capacity in this patient group.