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Related Concept Videos

Phloem and Sugar Transport02:02

Phloem and Sugar Transport

Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources02:03

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.

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Updated: May 10, 2026

A Whole Cell Bioreporter Approach to Assess Transport and Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Water Unsaturated Systems
13:16

A Whole Cell Bioreporter Approach to Assess Transport and Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Water Unsaturated Systems

Published on: December 24, 2014

Emerging insights into florigen transport.

Lu Liu1, Yang Zhu, Lisha Shen

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore, Singapore.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Plant flowering is controlled by photoperiodism, sensing day length to induce a mobile floral stimulus called florigen. This review details recent advances in understanding how florigen, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) proteins, is transported to initiate flowers.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Photoperiodism regulates plant flowering by sensing seasonal day length changes.
  • Florigen, a mobile floral stimulus, is induced in leaves and transported to the shoot apical meristem.
  • FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) proteins are identified as key components of florin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding florigen transport mechanisms.
  • To discuss the regulators involved in long-distance transport of FT proteins.
  • To explore the role of phloem in regulated florigen movement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on florigen transport.
  • Analysis of studies identifying FT orthologs and their functions.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence for phloem-mediated transport.

Main Results:

  • Florigen, primarily FT proteins, moves long distances via the phloem.
  • Specific regulators are crucial for the efficient and directed transport of florigen.
  • Understanding FT transport is key to controlling flowering time.

Conclusions:

  • Florigen transport through the phloem is a regulated process essential for flowering.
  • Further research into florigen transport regulators can impact crop improvement.
  • FT proteins are central to the photoperiodic control of flowering.