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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors01:29

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

Protein-drug binding, a pivotal aspect of pharmacokinetics, is subject to considerable variability influenced by an array of patient-related factors. The intricate interplay of age, individual differences, and pathological conditions significantly impact the binding dynamics and subsequent pharmacological effects.
Age stands as a key determinant in protein-drug binding. Neonates, characterized by low albumin content, experience heightened concentrations of unbound drugs such as phenytoin and...
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors01:20

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors

Drug binding to proteins is a key aspect of pharmacokinetics and can influence a drug's distribution, absorption, and elimination in the body. Several factors, including the drug's physiochemical properties, protein concentration, disease states, and the number of binding sites on the protein, influence this process.
The physicochemical properties of a drug play a significant role in its ability to bind to proteins. Lipophilic drugs, which dissolve in fats, oils, and lipids, can be bound by...
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding01:29

Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding

Drugs predominantly attach to plasma proteins, with only a small percentage remaining unbound. The unbound portion can be calculated as one minus the bound fraction. Acidic drugs form large, inactive complexes by reversibly binding to plasma albumin, which prevents them from diffusing across biological barriers. These drug-protein complexes act as reservoirs for the drugs. As the concentration of unbound drugs decreases, these complexes quickly dissociate to release the free drug, maintaining...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...

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Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Murine Lungs to Analyze Inflammatory Cell Infiltration
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Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Murine Lungs to Analyze Inflammatory Cell Infiltration

Published on: May 4, 2017

Albumin: physiologic and clinical effects on lung function.

C Polito1, G S Martin

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Emory University School of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GE, USA - greg.martin@emory.edu.

Minerva Anestesiologica
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Albumin versus crystalloid fluid resuscitation for critically ill patients remains debated. Current evidence does not support routine albumin use for improving survival or preventing respiratory dysfunction.

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Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity
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Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Murine Lungs to Analyze Inflammatory Cell Infiltration
07:03

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Published on: May 4, 2017

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity
07:13

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

Published on: January 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Physiology
  • Medical research

Background:

  • Fluid resuscitation is crucial for hypovolemic patients.
  • Debate exists regarding colloid (albumin) vs. crystalloid use.
  • Physiological understanding of Starling's forces underpins the debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the albumin vs. crystalloid resuscitation debate.
  • To examine the impact on lung function.
  • To present historical, physiological, and clinical evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis.
  • Analysis of physiological principles (Starling's forces).
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data.

Main Results:

  • Albumin has theoretical benefits but lacks robust clinical support.
  • Evidence does not favor albumin for improved survival.
  • No clear benefit of albumin in preventing respiratory dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Despite physiological rationale, routine albumin resuscitation is not supported.
  • Crystalloids remain a standard initial fluid choice.
  • Further research may clarify specific indications for albumin.