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Related Concept Videos

The Scientific Method02:40

The Scientific Method

Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
The Scientific Method03:50

The Scientific Method

Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion.
The Scientific Method01:32

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.
Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
06:55

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

Published on: August 5, 2016

Divining and knowing: Karl Sudhoff's historical method.

Claudia Stein1

  • 1University of Warwick, UK.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study examines Karl Sudhoff's historical methods, revealing his reliance on Leopold von Ranke's critical approach. Understanding Sudhoff requires viewing his work within general German academic history, not just medical history historiography.

Area of Science:

  • History of Medicine
  • German Academic History

Background:

  • Investigates Karl Sudhoff's historical methodology (1853-1938), Germany's first professor of medical history.
  • Situates Sudhoff's work within broader German academic history writing, moving beyond traditional medical history historiography.

Discussion:

  • Demonstrates the central influence of Leopold von Ranke's (1795-1886) philology-based "critical method" on Sudhoff's thinking.
  • Explores the philosophical and epistemological underpinnings of Ranke's method, often overlooked in favor of his empiricism.
  • Analyzes Sudhoff's application of these principles to the emerging field of medical history.

Key Insights:

  • Sudhoff's methodological framework was deeply rooted in Ranke's critical historical approach.
  • A comprehensive understanding of Sudhoff necessitates an appreciation of his engagement with general historical methodology and epistemology.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

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  • Sudhoff's approach highlights the interconnectedness of human sciences and medical sciences in historical inquiry.

    • Outlook:

    • Sudhoff's methodological considerations offer relevant perspectives on contemporary historical research.
    • The study encourages a re-evaluation of Sudhoff's contributions by integrating his work into the broader context of historical sciences.
    • Highlights the enduring relevance of historical methodology in understanding scientific disciplines.