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The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Coagulation

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

Published on: May 9, 2014

Active structuring of colloidal armour on liquid drops.

Paul Dommersnes¹, Zbigniew Rozynek, Alexander Mikkelsen

¹Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hoegskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Nature Communications

|July 2, 2013

Summary

Researchers used electric fields to control the assembly of colloidal particles on liquid droplet surfaces. This technique enables dynamic structuring of particle assemblies for applications in emulsions and smart materials.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

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Area of Science:

Colloid and Surface Science
Soft Matter Physics
Materials Science

Background:

Colloidal particle assembly at liquid interfaces is fundamental to particle-stabilized emulsions and templating.
Controlling these assemblies is crucial for advanced material design.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the use of electrohydrodynamic and electro-rheological effects in controlling colloidal particle assembly on liquid droplet surfaces.
To demonstrate dynamic structuring and size control of colloidal assemblies.

Main Methods:

Utilizing leaky-dielectric liquid drops subjected to electric fields.
Observing electrohydrodynamic and electro-rheological phenomena.
Analyzing particle assembly dynamics and structures.

Main Results:

Demonstrated electric-field-assisted convective assembly of colloidal 'ribbons'.
Achieved electro-rheological colloidal chains and spinning colloidal domains on surfaces.
Showcased size control of 'pupil'-like openings in colloidal shells.

Conclusions:

Electric field manipulation offers dynamic control over colloidal particle assemblies at liquid interfaces.
This approach opens new avenues for colloidosome assembly and the design of 'smart armoured' droplets.