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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

Sex differences in resting-state functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis.

K A Koenig¹, M J Lowe, J Lin

¹Imaging Institute.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology

|July 2, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study found sex differences in brain connectivity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Functional connectivity MRI revealed distinct patterns in the default mode network between males and females with MS.

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Cerebral Blood Flow-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain using Optical Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy

Cerebral Blood Flow-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain using Optical Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Radiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Sex differences are observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) progression, cognitive decline, and biological markers.
Previous research indicates potential sex-based variations in neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex differences in the default mode network's functional connectivity strength in MS patients.
To compare functional connectivity in MS patients and healthy controls using resting-state functional connectivity MRI.

Main Methods:

16 men and 16 women with MS and 32 age/sex-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional connectivity MRI.
Whole-brain correlation maps were generated using a posterior cingulate seed.
A 2x2 ANOVA assessed the effects of disease status and sex on posterior cingulate connectivity.

Main Results:

Patients with MS exhibited stronger posterior cingulate connectivity to several brain regions, including the medial frontal gyri and middle temporal gyrus.
Female MS patients showed increased connectivity in the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex compared to female controls.
Male patients had weaker connectivity to the caudate nucleus than female patients.

Conclusions:

Disease status and sex interact to influence functional connectivity strength from the posterior cingulate to the caudate and left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex.
These findings highlight sex-specific alterations in brain network connectivity in MS.