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Guillain-Barré syndrome during childhood: particular clinical and electrophysiological features

David Devos1, Armelle Magot, Julie Perrier-Boeswillwald

  • 1Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes-Angers, Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes Cedex, France.

Muscle & Nerve
|July 2, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in children often presents with gait disturbance and leg pain. Most pediatric GBS cases show electrophysiological abnormalities and have a good prognosis, often with complete recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Clinical Electrophysiology
  • Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

  • Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system.
  • Specific clinical and prognostic features of GBS in pediatric populations require detailed characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the specific clinical, electrophysiological, and prognostic characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome in children.
  • To identify key features distinguishing pediatric GBS from adult cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 19 pediatric GBS cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2011.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, laboratory findings, electrophysiological data, and long-term prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Gait disturbance and leg pain were the most common initial symptoms.
  • Electrophysiological studies frequently revealed decreased distal Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) amplitude (89%) and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (95%).
  • Most children received intravenous immunoglobulin, and 17 out of 19 patients achieved complete recovery within a year.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome is characterized by gait disorders, leg pain, and a high incidence of distal conduction block.
  • The condition in children typically demonstrates significant electrophysiological abnormalities and a favorable prognosis with a high rate of complete recovery.
Abstract

Keywords:
EDx examinationGuillain-Barré syndromeacute immune demyelinating polyneuropathychildconduction blockpain

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