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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Assessment of Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury
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Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Assessment of Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: May 7, 2015

Local cooling reduces regional bone blood flow.

Arne J Venjakob1, Stephan Vogt, Klaus Stöckl

  • 1Department of Trauma Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Local cooling significantly reduces bone blood flow (RBBF) in rabbits. This postoperative cooling may impair bone healing and reduce bleeding complications.

Keywords:
bone blood flowlocal coolingmicrospheres

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Assessment of Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury
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Published on: May 7, 2015

Longitudinal Micro-Computed Tomography Image Analysis for User-Defined Region of Interest in Critical-Sized Bone Defects
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Longitudinal Micro-Computed Tomography Image Analysis for User-Defined Region of Interest in Critical-Sized Bone Defects

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Local cooling is a common postoperative practice for bone and joint surgery.
  • Understanding its effect on bone blood flow is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of local cooling on regional bone blood flow (RBBF).
  • To determine if stepwise temperature reduction affects bone perfusion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the fluorescent microsphere (FM) method in experimental rabbits.
  • Cooled one hind limb stepwise from 32°C to 2°C, with the contralateral limb as control.
  • Measured bone blood flow after temperature stabilization at each level.

Main Results:

  • Bone blood flow decreased progressively with decreasing external temperature.
  • Maximum cooling almost completely abolished bone blood flow.
  • Local cooling demonstrated a potent regulatory effect on RBBF.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative local cooling can drastically reduce bone blood flow.
  • External cooling may negatively impact bone healing processes.
  • Cooling has the potential to mitigate bleeding complications post-surgery.