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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
The Respiratory System01:16

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system is comprised of the organs that enable breathing. Air enters the nostrils and mouth, followed by the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box), which lead to the trachea (windpipe). In the thoracic cavity, the trachea splits into two bronchi that allow air to enter the lungs. The bronchi split into progressively smaller bronchioles and terminate in small groups of tiny sacs in the lungs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Procedure for Lung Engineering
12:50

Procedure for Lung Engineering

Published on: March 8, 2011

Lungs on fire.

Sandeep Batra1, A K Vaid, Rahul Bhargava

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. sandeepriya2000@yahoo.com

BMJ Case Reports
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma developed severe lung toxicity from bleomycin chemotherapy. This case highlights the critical need to monitor for adverse drug reactions during cancer treatment.

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Air-Inflation of Murine Lungs with Vascular Perfusion-Fixation
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Air-Inflation of Murine Lungs with Vascular Perfusion-Fixation

Published on: February 2, 2021

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Procedure for Lung Engineering
12:50

Procedure for Lung Engineering

Published on: March 8, 2011

Air-Inflation of Murine Lungs with Vascular Perfusion-Fixation
07:19

Air-Inflation of Murine Lungs with Vascular Perfusion-Fixation

Published on: February 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (stage III B) in a 50-year-old male with coronary artery disease.
  • Treatment initiated with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy.
  • Interim evaluation showed metabolic complete response after four cycles of ABVD.

Observation:

  • Patient presented with fever, cough, malaise, and dyspnea post-chemotherapy.
  • FDG-PET-CT revealed diffuse lung activity, suggestive of pulmonary involvement.
  • Infectious causes were ruled out through comprehensive clinical, radiological, and laboratory assessments.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity (BIP) was established.
  • Despite supportive care including steroids and broad-spectrum antimicrobials, pulmonary function declined.
  • The patient developed cardiac arrhythmias and ultimately succumbed to chemotherapy toxicity.

Implications:

  • Bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity is a serious, potentially fatal complication of ABVD chemotherapy.
  • Early recognition and management of BIP are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • This case underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring for chemotherapy-related adverse events in lymphoma patients.