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Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
07:15

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

Published on: January 21, 2020

Microflora and periodontal disease.

Luca Scapoli1, Ambra Girardi, Annalisa Palmieri

  • 1Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Centre of Molecular Genetics, CARISBO Foundation, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Dental Research Journal
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new real-time PCR assay effectively detects and quantifies red complex bacteria, key pathogens in periodontitis. This diagnostic tool shows higher prevalence and amounts of these bacteria in periodontitis patients, aiding disease diagnosis.

Keywords:
Bonediseasesinflammationligamentperiodontalresorptiontooth

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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
10:42

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
07:15

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

Published on: January 21, 2020

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
10:42

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiology
  • Periodontology
  • Molecular diagnostics

Background:

  • Periodontitis involves destruction of tooth-supporting tissues.
  • Inflammation triggered by subgingival biofilm shifts drives tissue damage.
  • Key pathogens include Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola (red complex).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a real-time PCR assay for detecting and quantifying red complex species.
  • To investigate the prevalence and levels of red complex bacteria in periodontitis patients compared to controls.

Main Methods:

  • A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was designed.
  • The assay was used to analyze 307 periodontal pocket samples.
  • Samples were obtained from 127 periodontitis patients and 180 controls.

Main Results:

  • The red complex species showed significantly higher prevalence in periodontitis patients.
  • Increased amounts of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were detected in periodontal pockets of patients.
  • Treponema denticola was also found at higher levels in periodontitis cases.

Conclusions:

  • The developed real-time PCR assay is a valuable tool for periodontitis diagnosis.
  • The assay aids in identifying key bacterial pathogens associated with periodontal disease.
  • This molecular approach can improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosing periodontal disease.