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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

[Histamine intolerance--possible dermatologic sequences].

Liborija Lugović-Mihić1, Ana Seserko, Tomislav Duvancić

  • 1Klinika za dermatovenerologiju, Klinicki bolnicki centar Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Hrvatska. liborija@yahoo.com

Acta Medica Croatica : Casopis Hravatske Akademije Medicinskih Znanosti
|July 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Histamine intolerance (HIT), often caused by reduced diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, can lead to various symptoms affecting multiple organs. Recognizing HIT is crucial for effective patient treatment, especially in cases like atopic dermatitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Dermatology

Context:

  • Histamine intolerance (HIT) is a non-allergic hypersensitivity to food, distinct from IgE-mediated allergies.
  • HIT arises from impaired diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, potentially due to gastrointestinal issues, DAO inhibition, or genetic factors.
  • Symptoms mimic allergic reactions but involve a different physiological pathway.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the clinical significance and diagnostic challenges of histamine intolerance (HIT).
  • To underscore the importance of recognizing HIT's diverse symptoms across multiple organ systems.
  • To emphasize the role of DAO activity and histamine metabolism in HIT.

Summary:

  • HIT results from reduced diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, leading to adverse reactions from histamine-rich foods, alcohol, or certain drugs.
  • Symptoms manifest across gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological systems, including dermatological issues like rashes, urticaria, and exacerbation of conditions like atopic dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis.
  • Diagnosis relies on detailed patient history of symptom triggers, as HIT is often underestimated due to its multifactorial nature.

Impact:

  • Accurate diagnosis of HIT can lead to improved patient management and treatment strategies.
  • Understanding HIT's role, particularly in conditions like atopic dermatitis, can guide dietary interventions and improve therapeutic outcomes.
  • Further research is expected to elucidate the complexities of HIT and its management.