Accurate high-N rest frequencies for CO+, an ideal tracer of photon-dominated regions
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Updated: May 10, 2026

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
Published on: December 18, 2015
Silvia Spezzano1, Sandra Brünken, Holger S P Müller
1I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , 50937 Köln, Germany.
Abstract:
The submillimeter-wave rotational spectra of CO(+), (13)CO(+) and C(18)O(+) in the v = 0 and 1 vibrational states were measured through a hollow cathode dc discharge in a cryogenic cell cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature. In addition, a few transitions of the main isotopic species have been measured between 1.1 and 1.3 THz. An updated isotopically invariant fit, including Born-Oppenheimer breakdown corrections, is presented: the derived set of independent molecular parameters, valid for all the isotopologues of the molecule included in the fit, allows to predict the rotational spectrum with calculated 1σ uncertainty of 280 kHz at 2 THz.
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