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Related Experiment Videos

Effects of changes in stimulus contingency on visual extinction.

R F Kaplan1, M Verfaellie, L D DeWitt

  • 1Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.

Neurology
|August 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Expectancy influences visual field extinction. Prior stimulation to the right visual field reduced extinction, while left visual field stimulation increased it, suggesting expectancy alters attention in patients with right hemisphere damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Left visual field (LVF) extinction is common in right hemisphere lesions.
  • Attentional capacity limitations in the intact hemisphere may cause LVF extinction during double simultaneous stimulation (DSS).
  • External cueing might improve LVF attention and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if expectancy, induced by preceding unilateral stimulation, can redirect attention and reduce LVF extinction.
  • To examine the effect of varied unilateral stimulation patterns on extinction during DSS.

Main Methods:

  • Nine patients with right hemisphere lesions (7 stroke, 2 tumor) participated.
  • Double simultaneous stimulation (DSS) trials were presented with systematically varied preceding unilateral stimulation patterns.

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  • Extinction percentages were recorded for different sequences of right and left unilateral stimulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Extinction percentages were 17% (5 right unilateral trials), 30% (1 right unilateral trial), 52% (1 left unilateral trial), and 63% (5 left unilateral trials).
    • Right visual field stimulation decreased extinction, while LVF stimulation increased it.
    • Expectancy significantly altered attentional bias, impacting extinction probability.

    Conclusions:

    • Expectancy, manipulated through preceding visual field stimulation, can modulate attentional biases.
    • These findings suggest a mechanism for influencing visual field extinction in patients with right hemisphere damage.
    • The study highlights the role of predictive processing in attentional disorders.