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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique
05:42

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

Published on: July 27, 2022

Fluorides and non-fluoride remineralization systems.

Bennett T Amaechi1, Cor van Loveren

  • 1Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex., USA.

Monographs in Oral Science
|July 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Fluoride toothpastes effectively prevent cavities by promoting tooth remineralization. However, evidence for other remineralization systems is less convincing, with a lack of direct comparisons.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique
05:42

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Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
08:20

Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries

Published on: March 31, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Biomineralization
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dental caries results from an imbalance favoring demineralization over remineralization.
  • Tooth mineral remineralization depends on interstitial fluid saturation with calcium and phosphate ions.
  • Fluoride enhances remineralization and forms less soluble mineral structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effectiveness of different remineralization systems in toothpastes.
  • To assess the clinical evidence supporting fluoride and other remineralization agents.
  • To identify gaps in the evidence regarding comparative effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical evidence for various toothpaste remineralization systems.
  • Analysis of the chemical interactions and formulation challenges of calcium and fluoride compounds.
  • Assessment of the strength of evidence for caries prevention.

Main Results:

  • Strong clinical evidence supports the caries preventive effects of fluoride toothpastes.
  • Evidence for the effectiveness of other remineralization systems is less convincing.
  • There is a significant lack of head-to-head clinical comparisons between different remineralization systems.

Conclusions:

  • Fluoride remains the gold standard for caries prevention in toothpastes.
  • Further research is needed to validate the efficacy of alternative remineralization systems.
  • Comparative studies are essential to guide product development and clinical recommendations.