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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...

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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Dengue infections.

Mark W Burnett

    Journal of Special Operations Medicine : a Peer Reviewed Journal for SOF Medical Professionals
    |July 3, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne illness, can lead to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) through secondary infections. Antibody-dependent enhancement is a key theory explaining why some dengue infections become more severe.

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    Measuring Dengue Virus RNA in the Culture Supernatant of Infected Cells by Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
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    Measuring Dengue Virus RNA in the Culture Supernatant of Infected Cells by Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

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    Portable Paper-Based Immunoassay Combined with Smartphone Application for Colorimetric and Quantitative Detection of Dengue NS1 Antigen
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    Measuring Dengue Virus RNA in the Culture Supernatant of Infected Cells by Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
    08:36

    Measuring Dengue Virus RNA in the Culture Supernatant of Infected Cells by Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Published on: November 1, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Tropical Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Dengue fever is a prevalent mosquito-borne viral illness globally, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
    • Caused by four dengue virus serotypes (DEN 1-4), infection provides lasting immunity to one type but only temporary cross-immunity to others.
    • Secondary infections increase the risk of developing severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the mechanisms and risk factors associated with severe dengue infections, including DHF/DSS.
    • To understand the role of antibody-dependent enhancement in secondary dengue virus infections.
    • To identify demographic and seasonal factors influencing dengue transmission and severity.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on dengue virus transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations.
    • Analysis of epidemiological data related to dengue incidence, seasonality, and age distribution of severe cases.
    • Examination of immunological theories, particularly antibody-dependent enhancement, in the context of secondary dengue infections.

    Main Results:

    • Secondary dengue virus infections, especially with different serotypes, are strongly associated with DHF/DSS.
    • Antibody-dependent enhancement is a leading hypothesis explaining increased severity in secondary infections.
    • Peak dengue transmission and severe cases often coincide with rainy seasons and specific age groups (infants with waning maternal antibodies, young children).

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the complex interplay of viral serotypes, host immunity, and environmental factors is crucial for managing dengue.
    • Further research into antibody-dependent enhancement and other contributing factors is needed to develop effective interventions against severe dengue.
    • Public health strategies should focus on mosquito control, particularly during peak transmission seasons, and monitoring vulnerable populations.