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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

Basal ganglia engagement during feedback processing after a substantial delay.

Ekaterina Dobryakova¹, Elizabeth Tricomi

¹Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Smith Hall, Room 4-103, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA, ekaterina@psychology.rutgers.edu.

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience

|July 3, 2013

Summary

Learning from delayed feedback is possible, with both immediate and delayed feedback enhancing performance. The caudate nucleus processes feedback affect, while the lentiform nucleus aids in delayed negative feedback processing.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

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Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats

Published on: June 22, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Learning Science

Background:

The striatum is crucial for learning from immediate performance feedback.
Neural mechanisms for learning from delayed feedback remain less understood.
Understanding delayed feedback is vital as action consequences often manifest later.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if delayed feedback elicits neural responses similar to immediate feedback.
To explore the brain's processing of feedback presented with varying delays.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used.
Participants engaged in a paired-associate learning task with immediate, delayed (25 min), or no feedback.
180 distinct trials were analyzed.

Main Results:

Both immediate and delayed feedback improved accuracy compared to no feedback.
The caudate nuclei showed differential activation to positive vs. negative feedback for both immediate and delayed feedback.
Delayed negative feedback activated the putamen and globus pallidus (lentiform nucleus).

Conclusions:

The caudate nucleus is sensitive to feedback valence across different timescales.
The lentiform nucleus may play a specific role in processing delayed negative feedback information.