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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Punishment01:27

Punishment

Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior.
Kubler Ross's Stages of Dying01:21

Kubler Ross's Stages of Dying

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross significantly advanced psychology's understanding of the process of dying with her influential book, On Death and Dying (1969). She focused on studying terminally ill individuals and outlined five stages commonly experienced when coping with death: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
In denial, individuals reject the reality of their condition, often thinking, "This isn't true; I feel fine," as a way to protect themselves from emotional distress. Anger...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Bonanno's Theory of Grieving01:17

Bonanno's Theory of Grieving

Grieving is a complex psychological and emotional process that varies significantly among individuals. George Bonanno's research on bereavement identified four distinct patterns of grieving, offering a nuanced understanding of how people cope with significant loss, such as the death of a spouse, over extended periods. These patterns — resilience, recovery, chronic dysfunction, and delayed grief — highlight the diversity in emotional responses and adaptive mechanisms.
Resilience
The resilience...
Empathy02:34

Empathy

Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.

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Living on the Edge: Paradoxical Experiences With Ethics <i>[Reprinted with Permission]</i>.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

Suffering.

Constance L Milton1

  • 1The Master's College, Santa Clarita, CA 92504, USA. constancemilton@yahoo.com

Nursing Science Quarterly
|July 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Human suffering, often linked to pain, has profound ethical dimensions explored in nursing. Understanding these ethical truths advances nursing knowledge, practice, and education.

Area of Science:

  • Nursing
  • Healthcare Ethics
  • Phenomenology

Background:

  • Human suffering is a significant, complex phenomenon in healthcare.
  • Existing definitions often equate suffering with pain, limiting deeper understanding.
  • Ethical considerations of suffering are crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the ethical meanings of human suffering.
  • To connect suffering to the human becoming nursing theoretical perspective.
  • To advance ethical discourse in nursing.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of human suffering.
  • Ethical inquiry grounded in nursing theory.
  • Literature review of nursing and healthcare ethics.
Keywords:
ethicshumanbecomingsuffering

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Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior
05:42

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

Published on: March 2, 2015

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
09:38

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct ethical meanings of human suffering beyond pain.
  • Highlighted the relevance of the human becoming theory to ethical suffering.
  • Emphasized the interconnectedness of ethical understanding and nursing practice.

Conclusions:

  • Ethical exploration of suffering is essential for holistic nursing care.
  • The human becoming perspective offers a robust framework for understanding suffering.
  • Advancing ethical knowledge enhances nursing's contribution to human well-being.