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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...

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Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Published on: February 4, 2016

Measuring membrane voltage with fluorescent proteins.

Jordan Patti, Ehud Y Isacoff

Cold Spring Harbor Protocols

|July 3, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed advanced DNA-encoded sensors to measure neural activity. These voltage sensors offer high resolution for studying the brain

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Studying neural information processing requires measuring signal transduction in many cells with high spatial and temporal resolution.
DNA-encoded sensors offer noninvasive introduction and targeted delivery within the nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development and applications of DNA-encoded voltage sensors for neuroscience research.
To highlight advancements in sensor design for improved signal detection.

Main Methods:

Development of chimeric proteins combining fluorescent proteins with voltage-sensitive domains.
Utilizing voltage-dependent conformational changes in ion channels or phosphatases to alter fluorescence.
Engineering sensors with enhanced signal output using paired fluorescent proteins.

Main Results:

The prototype sensor, FlaSh, uses a green fluorescent protein fused to a voltage-sensitive K(+) channel.
Subsequent sensors employ a voltage-sensing phosphatase domain from Ciona intestinalis for improved performance.
Refined designs yield larger fluorescent signals, enhancing detection capabilities.

Conclusions:

DNA-encoded voltage sensors provide a powerful tool for noninvasive monitoring of neural activity.
Advancements in sensor design have significantly improved signal detection and applicability in neuroscience.
These sensors are crucial for understanding complex information processing in the nervous system.