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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
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Updated: May 10, 2026

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Altering physiological networks using drugs: steps towards personalized physiology.

Adam D Grossman1, Mitchell J Cohen, Geoffrey T Manley

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

BMC Medical Genomics
|July 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Correlation networks visualize physiological changes in intensive care unit patients. This approach reveals how drug administration, like pressors, alters patient physiology, aiding personalized medicine.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Medical Informatics
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Personalized medicine requires understanding individual patient physiological states.
  • Current methods for defining and visualizing these states are limited.
  • Physiological correlation networks offer a novel approach to visualize state-related changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and analyze physiological correlation networks.
  • To demonstrate changes in physiological relationships associated with pressor use in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 29 physiological variables from 19 trauma patients at one-minute intervals.
  • Grouped data based on the presence or absence of pressor administration.
  • Constructed Spearman correlation networks for each group, analyzing static, sign-changing, and unique connections.

Main Results:

  • Identified 64, 39, and 48 connections in the three analyzed network components.
  • The static network confirmed known physiological relationships.
  • Networks associated with pressor use indicated drug-induced physiological alterations and potential new relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Visualizing physiological relationships via correlation networks provides insights into patient states.
  • Drug administration significantly alters physiological relationships in ICU patients.
  • This network-based method could enhance critical care patient monitoring and treatment strategies.