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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Mitral regurgitation and axial flow left ventricular assist device: a computer simulation study.

Matija Jelenc1, Blaž Jelenc, Bojan Vrtovec

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. jelenc@gmail.com

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|July 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support can decrease mitral regurgitation, positively impacting right ventricular workload. This computer model shows LVADs reduce the effect of regurgitant volume on right ventricular afterload.

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In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 25, 2022

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:16

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Biomedical Modeling
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Right ventricular function is crucial for long-term outcomes in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs).
  • Mitral regurgitation (MR) can significantly affect right ventricular (RV) workload and patient prognosis.
  • Understanding the interplay between LVAD support, MR, and RV function is essential for optimizing patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of mitral regurgitation on right ventricular workload under varying levels of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support.
  • To simulate the effects of a HeartMate II LVAD on hemodynamics and MR.
  • To quantify the influence of MR on RV afterload in the context of LVAD support.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a sophisticated computer model to simulate LVAD support (HeartMate II).
  • Analysis of hemodynamic changes, including left ventricular pressure, left atrial pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure, at different LVAD revolutions per minute (RPM).
  • Quantification of mitral regurgitant volume and its effect on right ventricular afterload.

Main Results:

  • LVAD support was shown to decrease mitral regurgitation.
  • Significant reduction in regurgitant volume occurred at higher LVAD RPM, correlating with decreased left ventricular systolic pressure and cessation of aortic valve ejection.
  • At lower LVAD RPM, significant decreases in left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures were observed, despite only a small reduction in regurgitant volume.
  • Regurgitant volume had a diminished impact on right ventricular afterload compared to a native heart without LVAD support.

Conclusions:

  • LVAD support effectively reduces mitral regurgitation.
  • The impact of mitral regurgitation on right ventricular afterload is lessened with LVAD implantation.
  • Computer modeling provides valuable insights into the complex hemodynamic interactions influenced by LVADs and pre-existing valve dysfunction.