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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
06:07

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

Visualizing size-dependent deformation mechanism transition in Sn.

Lin Tian1, Ju Li, Jun Sun

  • 1Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale-CAMP-Nano & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China-HARCC, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.

Scientific Reports
|July 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

At room temperature, nanoscale tin (Sn) samples exhibit a shift from displacive plasticity to diffusional deformation as size decreases. This transition alters the strength-size relationship, impacting the reliability of nanodevices.

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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

Published on: September 29, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
06:07

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
09:00

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

Published on: September 29, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid Mechanics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Crystalline solids typically deform via dislocation slip and twinning at room temperature.
  • Understanding nanoscale deformation mechanisms is crucial for reliable device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dominant deformation mechanism in single crystal tin (Sn) as a function of sample size.
  • To analyze the transition from displacive plasticity to diffusional deformation at the nanoscale.
  • To elucidate the impact of this transition on the strength-size relationship.

Main Methods:

  • In situ quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) deformation tests.
  • Controlled reduction of single crystal Sn sample size (450 nm down to 130 nm).
  • Analysis of deformation mechanisms and strength-size dependencies.

Main Results:

  • Diffusional deformation becomes dominant over displacive plasticity as Sn sample size decreases to 130 nm.
  • The strength-size relationship shifts from "smaller is stronger" to "smaller is much weaker".
  • Calculated surface diffusivity aligns with literature values for boundary diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • The observed deformation mode change is driven by the competition between Hall-Petch strengthening and Coble diffusion softening.
  • Findings are critical for the stability and reliability of nanoscale devices, including metallic nanogaps.