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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

[Diabetes and osteoporosis].

S Ferrari1

  • 1Pr Serge Ferrari Service des maladies osseuses, Département des spécialités de medeciné interne HUG, 1211 Genève. serge.ferrari@unige.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse
|July 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes impacts bone health and fracture risk. While type 2 diabetes complicates osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk assessment, glycemic control and osteoporosis treatments show promise for managing bone complications.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Bone Disease
  • Gerontology

Context:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a global health concern associated with numerous complications.
  • Altered bone metabolism and increased fracture risk are recognized complications of diabetes.
  • Type 2 diabetes presents unique challenges in diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing fracture probability due to confounding factors like increased weight and fat mass.

Purpose:

  • To review the complex relationship between diabetes and bone health.
  • To discuss the diagnostic challenges of osteoporosis in diabetic patients.
  • To evaluate the impact of glycemic control and specific antidiabetic medications on fracture risk.
  • To assess the efficacy of osteoporosis treatments in diabetic individuals.

Summary:

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

  • Diabetes significantly affects bone mass and quality, elevating fracture risk.
  • In type 2 diabetes, normal bone mineral density (BMD) can mask osteoporosis, complicating DXA scans (T-score <-2.5) and potentially underestimating fracture risk by FRAX.
  • Effective glycemic control reduces fracture risk, while thiazolidinediones may increase it. Osteoporosis medications like bisphosphonates and SERMs appear equally effective in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Impact:

  • Highlights the need for nuanced diagnostic and management strategies for osteoporosis in diabetic patients.
  • Informs clinical practice regarding the selection of antidiabetic and osteoporosis medications.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering diabetes status in fracture risk assessment and prevention efforts.