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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb
06:50

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb

Published on: December 2, 2017

Note: visible reflectivity system for high-pressure studies.

C T Seagle1, D H Dolan

  • 1Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA. ctseagl@sandia.gov

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new system uses a diamond anvil cell (DAC) to measure material reflectivity under extreme pressure and temperature. This enables precise optical property analysis across various thermodynamic states.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optical Physics
  • High-Pressure Physics

Background:

  • Investigating material optical properties at extreme conditions is crucial for understanding their behavior.
  • Existing methods may face limitations in simultaneously controlling and measuring pressure, temperature, and optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel near-normal visible reflectivity system for high-pressure and high-temperature material analysis.
  • To enable quantitative reflectivity measurements as a function of thermodynamic state variables.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a system integrating focusing optics, spectrometers, and imaging cameras with a resistively-heated membrane-controlled diamond anvil cell (DAC).
  • Utilizing dual-sided optical access in the DAC for simultaneous pressure measurement (via fluorescence) and absolute reflectance measurements.
  • Controlling and measuring pressure and temperature without sample displacement for accurate reflectivity data acquisition.

Main Results:

  • The system was successfully tested on gold under high-pressure conditions.
  • Reflectivity data obtained from the new system were compared to measurements from a commercial ellipsometer at 1 bar, showing good agreement.

Conclusions:

  • The developed near-normal visible reflectivity system provides a robust platform for accurate optical property determination of materials under extreme thermodynamic conditions.
  • This system facilitates quantitative analysis of how material reflectivity changes with pressure and temperature, advancing materials science research.