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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Base-pairing and DNA Repair02:27

Base-pairing and DNA Repair

Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Interaction between DNA Polymerase β and BRCA1.

Aya Masaoka1, Natalie R Gassman, Julie K Horton

  • 1Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, North Carolina, United States of America.

Plos One
|July 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) protein is not involved in base excision repair (BER). Instead, BRCA1 partners with DNA polymerase beta (pol β) for double-strand break (DSB) repair, with pol β recruitment preceding BRCA1.

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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

Published on: February 17, 2011

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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
08:53

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

Published on: February 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • DNA Repair

Background:

  • The breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) protein is a known tumor suppressor involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation.
  • While BRCA1's role in double-strand break (DSB) repair is established, its function in base excision repair (BER) remains unclear.
  • DNA polymerase beta (pol β) is a key enzyme in BER pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of BRCA1 in base excision repair (BER).
  • To examine the relationship between BRCA1, DNA polymerase beta (pol β), and DNA damage response pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized BRCA1-negative human ovarian and chicken DT40 cells for sensitivity assays following MMS treatment.
  • Performed co-immunoprecipitation assays with purified proteins and cell extracts.
  • Employed immunofluorescence imaging and laser-induced DNA damage in human cells to track protein recruitment.
  • Analyzed γ-H2AX co-localization to assess DSB repair.

Main Results:

  • BRCA1-negative cells exhibited hypersensitivity to MMS treatment.
  • Combined deletion of BRCA1 and pol β in DT40 cells suggested a shared repair pathway.
  • BRCA1 and pol β interact, but direct in vivo/in vitro evidence for BRCA1's role in BER was negative.
  • BRCA1 recruitment to damage sites was delayed (15 min post-irradiation), coinciding with γ-H2AX, indicating DSB repair.
  • Pol β recruitment was rapid and unaffected by BRCA1 status, but a fraction remained longer in BRCA1-positive cells.
  • Pol β expression was necessary for BRCA1 recruitment.

Conclusions:

  • BRCA1 does not appear to play a significant role in base excision repair (BER).
  • BRCA1 and pol β function in distinct DNA repair pathways.
  • BRCA1 and pol β collaborate in double-strand break (DSB) repair, with pol β recruitment preceding BRCA1.
  • Pol β expression is essential for BRCA1 recruitment to DSB sites, suggesting a partnership in DSB repair.