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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Resistant hypertension.

P Armario1, A Oliveras, A de la Sierra

  • 1Unidad de HTA y Riesgo Vascular, Área de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Hospital Moisés Broggi (Sant Joan Despi/Hospitalet), Universidad de Barcelona, España.

Revista Clinica Espanola
|July 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding spironolactone effectively managed resistant hypertension in an obese patient with hypercholesterolemia. This treatment normalized blood pressure without impacting kidney function or potassium levels.

Keywords:
Ambulatory monitoring of blood pressureHipercolesterolemiaHipertensión arterialHypercholesterolemiaHypertensionMonitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial

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Improved Home Blood Pressure Control by CT-guided Ozone-mediated Renal Denervation for Patients with Resistant Hypertension
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Improved Home Blood Pressure Control by CT-guided Ozone-mediated Renal Denervation for Patients with Resistant Hypertension

Published on: June 6, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Improved Home Blood Pressure Control by CT-guided Ozone-mediated Renal Denervation for Patients with Resistant Hypertension
04:37

Improved Home Blood Pressure Control by CT-guided Ozone-mediated Renal Denervation for Patients with Resistant Hypertension

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Resistant hypertension poses a significant challenge in managing cardiovascular risk.
  • Obesity and hypercholesterolemia are common comorbidities that complicate hypertension management.

Observation:

  • A 53-year-old woman with obesity and hypercholesterolemia presented with hypertension resistant to four full-dose agents.
  • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring confirmed true resistant hypertension (153/89 mm Hg).
  • Echocardiography revealed left ventricular hypertrophy (131 g/m²).

Findings:

  • Spironolactone (25 mg/day) was added to the antihypertensive regimen.
  • The treatment was well-tolerated, with no adverse effects on renal function or kaliemia.
  • After 8 weeks, office blood pressure decreased to 132/86 mm Hg and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure to 128/79 mm Hg.

Implications:

  • Spironolactone is an effective and safe option for treating resistant hypertension in patients with obesity and hypercholesterolemia.
  • This case highlights the importance of comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Further research may explore the long-term efficacy and safety of spironolactone in similar patient populations.