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Related Concept Videos

Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues
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Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues

Published on: November 22, 2014

Target-directed catalytic metallodrugs.

J C Joyner1, J A Cowan

  • 1Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. cowan@chemistry.ohio-state.edu

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologicas
|July 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New oxidative catalysts offer enhanced drug delivery by irreversibly inactivating therapeutic targets. These catalysts utilize reactive oxygen species (ROS) for efficient target modification, improving drug concentration and efficacy.

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Published on: May 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Bioinorganic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Conventional drugs require target saturation, necessitating high concentrations.
  • Artificial metalloenzymes offer irreversible target modification to reduce drug dosage.
  • Hydrolytic catalysts show limited rate constants for target inactivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore oxidative catalysts for irreversible target inactivation.
  • To investigate mechanisms of target cleavage/inactivation using reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • To identify key parameters for developing efficient and selective oxidative catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of novel oxidative catalysts with reactive metal centers.
  • Evaluation of catalyst performance based on target-binding affinity, co-reactant selectivity, and redox properties.
  • Analysis of ROS generation, product speciation, and multiple-turnover redox chemistry.
  • Relating catalyst parameters to target inactivation efficiency, selectivity, and mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Oxidative catalysts achieve higher rate constants for target inactivation compared to hydrolytic ones.
  • Catalyst efficiency and selectivity are influenced by reduction potential, ROS generation, and target orientation.
  • Stabilization strategies, such as chelation and geometric factors, enhance catalyst stability.
  • Optimizing inactivation rates relative to ROS diffusion is crucial for efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative catalysts represent a promising strategy for developing potent therapeutics with reduced dosage requirements.
  • Future catalyst development should focus on optimizing redox potentials, stability, ROS management, and delivery.
  • Careful consideration of catalyst-target interactions and physiological compatibility is essential for clinical translation.