[Role of neural stem cells in regeneration of the central nervous system]

Central nervous system (CNS) of adult mammalian and, in particular of people, is a typical example of organs that are not restored. However, the growing interest in the development of innovative treatments that are aimed at the regeneration damaged tissue CNS is based on the latest research in the field of stem cells and neurology. The recapitulation of normal neural development has become a vital strategy for CNS regeneration. Normal CNS development is initiated by the induction of stem cells in the CNS, i.e., neural stem cells (NSCs). Thus, the introduction or mobilization of NSCs could be expected to lead to CNS regeneration by recapitulating normal CNS development, in terms of the activation of the endogenous regenerative capacity and cell transplantation therapy. In this review we summarized the recent progress in study of basic stem cell biology, on the prospective identification of NSCs, the elucidation of the mechanisms of ontogenic changes, potential differentiation, and their therapeutic applications.